The Global Train Control Management Systems Market Size accounted for USD 3,527 Million in 2021 and is estimated to achieve a market size of USD 7,362 Million by 2030 growing at a CAGR of 8.7% from 2022 to 2030. The continued growth of incorporating innovative solutions for railway safety and security is driving the train control management systems market growth. Furthermore, the increasing use of emerging technologies in metro, railways, high-speed trains, as well as electric trains is propelling the global train control management systems market value in the coming years.
Train Control Management Systems Market Report Key Highlights
- Global train control management systems market revenue intended to gain USD 7,362 million by 2030 with a CAGR of 8.7% from 2022 to 2030
- North America region led with more than 35% train control management systems market share in 2021
- Asia-Pacific regional market is expected to grow at a CAGR of more than 9% during the forecast period
- Among train control solutions, positive train control category engaged more than 40% of the total market share
- By trains type, metros & high-speed trains segment generated about 46% market share in 2021
- Increasing government budget for rail transportation, drives the train control management systems market share
The Train Control & Management System (TCMS) is a train-borne distributed control system. It consists of computer devices and software, human-machine interfaces, digital and analog input/output (I/O) capability, and data networks to connect all of these together in a secure and responsible to fix manner. TCMS typically provides data communications interfaces to other train-borne systems, as well as telecommunications to supporting systems that operate remotely on the wayside. For security reasons, TCMS will typically be physically separated from Wi-Fi networks accessible to passengers. Because of its central role in coordinating control and monitoring across the train, TCMS is often referred to as the "brain of the train”.
Global Train Control Management Systems Market Trends
Market Drivers
- Rapid urbanization and population growth will support rail industry development.
- Accessibility of high-speed communications networks
- Increasing government budget for rail transportation
- Increasing desire for a more secure, safer, and efficient transportation system
Market Restraints
- High construction and maintenance costs
- Lack of interoperability
Market Opportunities
- Advancement of light rail transportation
- Rising demand for TCMS-equipped rolling stock in emerging economies
Train Control Management Systems Market Report Coverage
| Market |
Train Control Management Systems Market |
| Train Control Management Systems Market Size 2021 |
USD 3,527 Million |
| Train Control Management Systems Market Forecast 2030 |
USD 7,362 Million |
| Train Control Management Systems Market CAGR During 2022 - 2030 |
8.7% |
| Train Control Management Systems Market Analysis Period |
2018 - 2030 |
| Train Control Management Systems Market Base Year |
2021 |
| Train Control Management Systems Market Forecast Data |
2022 - 2030 |
| Segments Covered |
By Train Type, By Revenue, By Connectivity, By Train Control Solutions, And By Geography
|
| Regional Scope |
North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa |
| Key Companies Profiled |
Bombardier Inc., Siemens AG, Toshiba Corporation, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Hitachi Ltd., Knorr-Bremse AG, and ALSTOM SA. |
Report Coverage
|
Market Trends, Drivers, Restraints, Competitive Analysis, Player Profiling, Regulation Analysis |
Train Control Management Systems Market Insights
Rising Allocation Of Budgets For The Development Of Railways Bolster The Growth Of Global Train Control Management Systems Market
Emerging economies such as India and China are allocating more funds to the development of their railway infrastructure. For example, India allocated US$18.8 Bn to its railway sector in 2017 and US$21.2 Bn in 2018, representing a 13% increase in budget allocation. Similarly, various countries around the world are constantly increasing their rail budgets in order to deploy cutting-edge technologies and improve infrastructure. For example, the Canadian National Railway (CN) planned to invest US$2.92 Bn in Saskatchewan to improve railway infrastructure. As a result, the increase in budget allocation is a key factor driving the growth of the railway sector, which is propelling the train control management system market.
What Is New In Train Control And Management Systems Market?
The conventional train traffic control system has been focused on safety and punctuality in normal operations, according to an IEEE report. However, more adaptable and flexible management has recently been required not only for train regulation but also for maintenance and in train delay situations. Autonomous decentralized train control and management system are proposed to achieve both real-time train control properties such as train traffic and non-real-time train management properties such as scheduling. This subsystem was created to allow these two heterogeneous subsystems to coexist by isolating or coordinating them.
Train Control Management Systems Market Drivers
The trend of automated metros and high-speed trains, rapid urbanization, rising population, and increased fuel emission norms and regulations are the major factors driving the growth of the train control and management system market. Furthermore, rising investments in advanced technology, system gradation, and increased demand for safe and comfortable transportation are expected to drive growth in the train control and management system market.
Furthermore, the TCMS market is being driven by factors such as rising urbanization and population in developing countries such as India and China, as well as the increasing availability of high-speed communication systems. Furthermore, by automating train and subsystem operations and passenger safety, TCMS improves train efficiency and reliability while shortening response time. The global TCMS market is expected to be driven by these factors.
Train Control Management Systems Market Segmentation
The worldwide train control management systems market segmentation is based on the train type, component, connectivity, train control solutions, and geography.
Train Control Management Systems Market By Train Type
- Metros & High-Speed Trains
- Electric Multiple Units
- Diesel Multiple Units
According to the train control management systems market forecast, metros and high-speed trains will grow the fastest over the projected period. This is due to increased government initiatives in countries such as the United Kingdom, France, India, China, and South Korea to improve high-speed rail networks and fill transportation gaps, which are expected to drive the metros & high-speed trains segment in the TCMS market.
Train Control Management Systems Market By Component
- Vehicle Control Unit
- Mobile Communication Gateway
- Human Machine Interface
- Others
In terms of the component, the vehicle control unit segment is expected to be the largest component segment in the train control management system (TCMS) market. The vehicle control unit is the most expensive part of the TCMS system. As a result, the vehicle control unit is expected to be the largest component segment in the TCMS market. This segment's expansion can be attributed to the high rate of TCMS installation in developed regions and the increasing penetration in developing regions.
Train Control Management Systems Market By Connectivity
Based on connectivity, the GSM-R segment is predicted to increase significantly in the industry over the next few years. This expansion is the result of the GSM-R enabling reliable and secure driver-signaller interaction by pulling combined the most beneficial range of technologies, systems, and consumers.
Train Control Management Systems Market By Train Control Solutions
- Positive Train Control
- Communication-Based Train Control
- Integrated Train Control
According to the train control management systems industry analysis, the communication-based train control (CBTC) segment is predicted to be the largest segment in the market, accounting for the largest share. This is due to increased demand in European countries such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Spain. CBTC eliminates the need for physical vehicle detection systems such as track circuits, which reduces costs on maintenance. CBTC also increases vehicle turnaround time.
Train Control Management Systems Market Regional Outlook
North America
Europe
- U.K.
- Germany
- France
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
Latin America
- Mexico
- Brazil
- Rest of Latin America
Asia-Pacific
- India
- Japan
- China
- Australia
- South Korea
- Rest of Asia-Pacific
The Middle East & Africa (MEA)
- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
- South Africa
- Rest of the Middle East & Africa
Europe holds the dominant market share for the train control management systems market followed by Asia-Pacific
Europe has historically dominated the train control management systems market and is expected to do so again during the forecast period. Rapid urbanization in the region's developing countries, as well as increased demand for train control management systems in countries such as Germany, Spain, Italy, and the rest of Europe.
Asia-Pacific, on the other hand, has the fastest-growing CAGR in the train management systems market. China commands a commanding position in the Asia Pacific railway management system market. In 2017, China launched the first trackless train running on virtual railways, which was a notable example of such progress. As the Asia-Pacific railway management system industry is currently demonstrating tremendous growth potential, several key players such as Siemens, Hitachi, Cisco, Huawei, and others are making significant investments in digitalizing existing railway infrastructure. Various developing countries, including India and Malaysia, are working with developed countries, such as China and Japan, to import advanced railway systems. Such collaborative efforts are boosting the growth of the railway management system market in Asia-Pacific.
Train Control Management Systems Market Players
Some of the top train control management systems companies offered in the professional report includes Bombardier Inc., Siemens AG, Toshiba Corporation, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Hitachi Ltd., Knorr-Bremse AG, and ALSTOM SA.
CHAPTER 1. Industry Overview of Train Control Management Systems Market
1.1. Definition and Scope
1.1.1. Definition of Train Control Management Systems
1.1.2. Market Segmentation
1.1.3. Years Considered for the Study
1.1.4. Assumptions and Acronyms Used
1.1.4.1. Market Assumptions and Market Forecast
1.1.4.2. Acronyms Used in Global Train Control Management Systems Market
1.2. Summary
1.2.1. Executive Summary
1.2.2. Train Control Management Systems Market By Train Type
1.2.3. Train Control Management Systems Market By Component
1.2.4. Train Control Management Systems Market By Connectivity
1.2.5. Train Control Management Systems Market By Train Control Solutions
1.2.6. Train Control Management Systems Market By Region
CHAPTER 2. Research Approach
2.1. Methodology
2.1.1. Research Programs
2.1.2. Market Size Estimation
2.1.3. Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2.2. Data Source
2.2.1. Secondary Sources
2.2.2. Primary Sources
CHAPTER 3. Market Dynamics And Competition Analysis
3.1. Market Drivers
3.1.1. Driver 1
3.1.2. Driver 2
3.2. Restraints and Challenges
3.2.1. Restraint 1
3.2.2. Restraint 2
3.3. Growth Opportunities
3.3.1. Opportunity 1
3.3.2. Opportunity 2
3.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
3.4.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
3.4.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
3.4.3. Threat of Substitute
3.4.4. Threat of New Entrants
3.4.5. Degree of Competition
3.5. Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Train Control Management Systems Market
3.5.1. Go To Market Strategy
3.5.1.1. Introduction
3.5.1.2. Growth
3.5.1.3. Maturity
3.5.1.4. Saturation
3.5.1.5. Possible Development
3.6. Technological Roadmap for Train Control Management Systems Market
3.7. Value Chain Analysis
3.7.1. List of Key Manufacturers
3.7.2. List of Customers
3.7.3. Level of Integration
3.8. Cost Structure Analysis
3.8.1. Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
3.8.2. Raw Material Suppliers
3.8.3. Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
3.8.3.1. Raw Material
3.8.3.2. Labor Cost
3.8.3.3. Manufacturing Expense
3.9. Regulatory Compliance
3.10. Competitive Landscape, 2021
3.10.1. Player Positioning Analysis
3.10.2. Key Strategies Adopted By Leading Players
CHAPTER 4. Manufacturing Plant Analysis
4.1. Manufacturing Plant Location and Establish Date of Major Manufacturers in 2021
4.2. R&D Status of Major Manufacturers in 2021
CHAPTER 5. Train Control Management Systems Market By Train Type
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Train Control Management Systems Revenue By Train Type
5.2.1. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast, By Train Type, 2018-2030
5.2.2. Metros & High-Speed Trains
5.2.2.1. Metros & High-Speed Trains Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
5.2.3. Electric Multiple Units
5.2.3.1. Electric Multiple Units Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
5.2.4. Diesel Multiple Units
5.2.4.1. Diesel Multiple Units Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
CHAPTER 6. Train Control Management Systems Market By Component
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Train Control Management Systems Revenue By Component
6.2.1. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast, By Component, 2018-2030
6.2.2. Vehicle Control Unit
6.2.2.1. Vehicle Control Unit Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
6.2.3. Mobile Communication Gateway
6.2.3.1. Mobile Communication Gateway Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
6.2.4. Human Machine Interface
6.2.4.1. Human Machine Interface Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
6.2.5. Others
6.2.5.1. Others Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
CHAPTER 7. Train Control Management Systems Market By Connectivity
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Train Control Management Systems Revenue By Connectivity
7.2.1. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast, By Connectivity, 2018-2030
7.2.2. GSM-R
7.2.2.1. GSM-R Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
7.2.3. Wi-Fi
7.2.3.1. Wi-Fi Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
7.2.4. TETRA
7.2.4.1. TETRA Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
7.2.5. Others
7.2.5.1. Others Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
CHAPTER 8. Train Control Management Systems Market By Train Control Solutions
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Train Control Management Systems Revenue By Train Control Solutions
8.2.1. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast, By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
8.2.2. Positive Train Control
8.2.2.1. Positive Train Control Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
8.2.3. Communication-Based Train Control
8.2.3.1. Communication-Based Train Control Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
8.2.4. Integrated Train Control
8.2.4.1. Integrated Train Control Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2018-2030
CHAPTER 9. North America Train Control Management Systems Market By Country
9.1. North America Train Control Management Systems Market Overview
9.2. U.S.
9.2.1. U.S. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
9.2.2. U.S. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
9.2.3. U.S. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
9.2.4. U.S. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
9.3. Canada
9.3.1. Canada Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
9.3.2. Canada Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
9.3.3. Canada Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
9.3.4. Canada Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
9.4. North America PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 10. Europe Train Control Management Systems Market By Country
10.1. Europe Train Control Management Systems Market Overview
10.2. U.K.
10.2.1. U.K. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
10.2.2. U.K. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
10.2.3. U.K. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
10.2.4. U.K. Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
10.3. Germany
10.3.1. Germany Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
10.3.2. Germany Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
10.3.3. Germany Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
10.3.4. Germany Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
10.4. France
10.4.1. France Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
10.4.2. France Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
10.4.3. France Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
10.4.4. France Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
10.5. Spain
10.5.1. Spain Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
10.5.2. Spain Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
10.5.3. Spain Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
10.5.4. Spain Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
10.6. Rest of Europe
10.6.1. Rest of Europe Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
10.6.2. Rest of Europe Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
10.6.3. Rest of Europe Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
10.6.4. Rest of Europe Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
10.7. Europe PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 11. Asia Pacific Train Control Management Systems Market By Country
11.1. Asia Pacific Train Control Management Systems Market Overview
11.2. China
11.2.1. China Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
11.2.2. China Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
11.2.3. China Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
11.2.4. China Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
11.3. Japan
11.3.1. Japan Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
11.3.2. Japan Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
11.3.3. Japan Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
11.3.4. Japan Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
11.4. India
11.4.1. India Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
11.4.2. India Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
11.4.3. India Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
11.4.4. India Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
11.5. Australia
11.5.1. Australia Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
11.5.2. Australia Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
11.5.3. Australia Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
11.5.4. Australia Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
11.6. South Korea
11.6.1. South Korea Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
11.6.2. South Korea Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
11.6.3. South Korea Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
11.6.4. South Korea Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
11.7. Rest of Asia-Pacific
11.7.1. Rest of Asia-Pacific Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
11.7.2. Rest of Asia-Pacific Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
11.7.3. Rest of Asia-Pacific Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
11.7.4. Rest of Asia-Pacific Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
11.8. Asia Pacific PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 12. Latin America Train Control Management Systems Market By Country
12.1. Latin America Train Control Management Systems Market Overview
12.2. Brazil
12.2.1. Brazil Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
12.2.2. Brazil Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
12.2.3. Brazil Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
12.2.4. Brazil Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
12.3. Mexico
12.3.1. Mexico Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
12.3.2. Mexico Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
12.3.3. Mexico Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
12.3.4. Mexico Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
12.4. Rest of Latin America
12.4.1. Rest of Latin America Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
12.4.2. Rest of Latin America Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
12.4.3. Rest of Latin America Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
12.4.4. Rest of Latin America Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
12.5. Latin America PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 13. Middle East & Africa Train Control Management Systems Market By Country
13.1. Middle East & Africa Train Control Management Systems Market Overview
13.2. GCC
13.2.1. GCC Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
13.2.2. GCC Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
13.2.3. GCC Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
13.2.4. GCC Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
13.3. South Africa
13.3.1. South Africa Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
13.3.2. South Africa Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
13.3.3. South Africa Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
13.3.4. South Africa Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
13.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa
13.4.1. Rest of Middle East & Africa Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Type, 2018-2030
13.4.2. Rest of Middle East & Africa Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2018-2030
13.4.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Connectivity, 2018-2030
13.4.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa Train Control Management Systems Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Train Control Solutions, 2018-2030
13.5. Middle East & Africa PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 14. Player Analysis Of Train Control Management Systems Market
14.1. Train Control Management Systems Market Company Share Analysis
14.2. Competition Matrix
14.2.1. Competitive Benchmarking of key players by price, presence, market share, and R&D investment
14.2.2. New Product Launches and Product Enhancements
14.2.3. Mergers And Acquisition In Global Train Control Management Systems Market
14.2.4. Partnership, Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances/ Sales Agreements
CHAPTER 15. Company Profile
15.1. Bombardier Inc.
15.1.1. Company Snapshot
15.1.2. Business Overview
15.1.3. Financial Overview
15.1.3.1. Revenue (USD Million), 2021
15.1.3.2. Brother Industries, Ltd. 2021 Train Control Management Systems Business Regional Distribution
15.1.4. Product/Service and Specification
15.1.5. Recent Developments & Business Strategy
15.2. Siemens AG
15.3. Toshiba Corporation
15.4. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
15.5. Hitachi Ltd.
15.6. Knorr-Bremse AG
15.7. ALSTOM SA
