The Global ePharmacy Market Size accounted for USD 68.3 Billion in 2022 and is estimated to achieve a market size of USD 388.6 Billion by 2032 growing at a CAGR of 19.4% from 2023 to 2032.
ePharmacy Market Highlights
- Global ePharmacy market revenue is poised to garner USD 388.6 billion by 2032 with a CAGR of 19.4% from 2023 to 2032
- North America ePharmacy market value occupied around USD 28 billion in 2022
- Asia-Pacific ePharmacy market growth will record a CAGR of more than 20% from 2023 to 2032
- Among drug type, the over the counter (OTC) drugs sub-segment generated over US$ 30.7 billion revenue in 2022
- Based on business model, the hospital & clinics sub-segment generated around 35% share in 2022
- Increasing penetration of the internet is a popular market trend that fuels the industry demand
E-Pharmacy, also known as an online pharmacy, operates as a platform where vendors sell medicines and send orders to consumers through shipping companies. Customers can easily upload prescriptions and order medicines without any hassle. It is gaining popularity due to the benefits it offers, such as allowing consumers to purchase medicines conveniently without visiting physical pharmacy stores, providing easy access to medicines, ensuring on-time delivery, and offering lower prices compared to offline pharmaceutical stores. The process is simple: a customer uploads their prescription on the e-pharmacy website, and the medicines are delivered to their doorstep.
Global ePharmacy Market Dynamics
Market Drivers
- Increased access to web-based and online platforms
- Rising adoption rate of internet and healthcare apps
- Expanding geriatric population base coupled with growing prevalence of chronic disorders
- Lucrative offers and discounts along with easy availability of online prescription drugs
Market Restraints
- Increasing number of illegal online pharmacies
- Lack of stringent regulation
Market Opportunities
- Need for ePharmacy platforms in emerging economies
- Increasing disposable income in Asia-Pacific
ePharmacy Market Report Coverage
| Market |
ePharmacy Market
|
| ePharmacy Market Size 2022 |
USD 68.3 Billion |
| ePharmacy Market Forecast 2032 |
USD 388.6 Billion |
| ePharmacy Market CAGR During 2023 - 2032 |
19.4% |
| ePharmacy Market Analysis Period |
2020 - 2032 |
| ePharmacy Market Base Year |
2022 |
| ePharmacy Market Forecast Data |
2023 - 2032 |
| Segments Covered |
By Drug Type, By Product Type, By Operating Platform, By Business Model, And By Geography
|
| Regional Scope |
North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa |
| Key Companies Profiled |
Banner Health, CVS Health Corporation, DocMorris, Express Scripts Holding Company, Giant Eagle, Inc., OptumRx, Inc., Rowlands Pharmacy, The Kroger Co., Walgreen Co., and Walmart Stores, Inc.
|
Report Coverage
|
Market Trends, Drivers, Restraints, Competitive Analysis, Player Profiling, Covid-19 Analysis, Regulation Analysis |
ePharmacy Market Insights
The growth of the e-pharmacy market is primarily driven by several key factors, including the widespread penetration of the internet, the rise of e-commerce, increased awareness of chronic diseases, improved healthcare infrastructure, a growing aging population, an increase in the number of patients, and a large customer base in both developed and developing countries. Additionally, changing consumer behavior, a rising demand for convenience, rapid adoption of technology in the healthcare industry, and the persistent healthcare burden in developing nations contribute to the market's expansion. There is also a growing demand for healthcare vitamins and products that traditional brick-and-mortar pharmacies find challenging to meet.
People are increasingly turning to e-pharmacies due to attractive offers such as home delivery, discounts, and a vast selection of drugs, eliminating the need to visit physical pharmacy stores. Furthermore, unmet healthcare needs in developing countries and emerging markets, a rise in the number of internet users in both rural and urban areas, an increase in smartphone usage, improved IT infrastructure, and government initiatives to make medicines more affordable and accessible are expected to drive market growth during the forecast period.
However, one notable challenge facing the market is the presence of a significant number of counterfeit e-pharmacies worldwide, which may negatively impact e-pharmacy market growth in the coming years.
ePharmacy Market Segmentation
The worldwide market for ePharmacy is split based on drug type, product type, operating platform, business model, and geography.
ePharmacy Drug Types
- Prescription Drugs
- Over the Counter (OCT) Drugs
- Others (Personal Care and Wellness Products)
Based on drug type, the market has been segmented into prescription drugs, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and other drugs. The over-the-counter drug segment accounts for the largest market share during the forecast period. Over-the-counter drugs are medicines sold directly to consumers without a prescription from doctors. In many countries, OTC drugs are regulated by authorized agencies to ensure they contain ingredients that are effective and safe for consumption without consulting physicians. These drugs are primarily regulated based on their active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) rather than the final product. The major factors driving the growth of this segment include easy accessibility and convenience, self-reliance in relieving minor symptoms, reduced economic burden as there is no need to consult doctors, and the immediate relief they provide. These factors are expected to drive the global market throughout the forecast period from 2023 to 2032.
ePharmacy Product Types
- Dental
- Skin Care
- Vitamins
- Cold and Flu
- Weight Loss
- Other
According to the product types segment, the market includes dental, skincare, vitamins, cold and flu, weight loss, and other product types. Within the product type segment, the cold and flu category emerged as the leader in terms of revenue share in previous years. Over the past few years, the growth of this segment has been attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, many people turned to online pharmacies for cold and flu medicines instead of visiting physical stores, driving market growth. Furthermore, following the cold and flu segment, the skincare segment is expected to hold the second-largest share of the e-pharmacy market.
ePharmacy Operating Platforms
In terms of operating platforms, the market is segmented into apps, websites, and other platforms. As per the epharmacy industry analysis, the app segment has emerged as the dominant operating platform in recent years. The increasing trend in popularity for online ordering of medicines, healthcare items, prescription drugs, and other healthcare-related products has contributed to this growth. Customers can easily download the app on their mobile phones and place orders according to their requirements. These factors are expected to contribute to the market's growth in the upcoming years.
ePharmacy Business Models
- Hospital & Clinics
- Home Care Setting
- Others
According to the ePharmacy market forecast, the hospital and clinic segments have dominated the market share and are expected to maintain their dominance throughout the forecasted timeframe from 2023 to 2032. This segment encompasses both inpatient and outpatient facilities. On the other hand, homecare settings are anticipated to become the second-largest segment after the hospital and clinics segment. Homecare settings include nursing homes, home health agencies, assisted living facilities, and others. This segment has experienced significant growth during the forecast period.
ePharmacy Market Regional Outlook
North America
Europe
- U.K.
- Germany
- France
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
Asia-Pacific
- India
- Japan
- China
- Australia
- South Korea
- Rest of Asia-Pacific
Latin America
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Rest of Latin America
The Middle East & Africa
- South Africa
- GCC Countries
- Rest of the Middle East & Africa (ME&A)
ePharmacy Market Regional Analysis
North America accounted for a high market share of the ePharmacy market, and the region is anticipated to maintain its dominance over the forecast period. Factors contributing to this dominance include the increasing trend of online orders, rapid growth in e-commerce, a rising prevalence of chronic diseases, an increase in the geriatric population, attractive offers such as price discounts, rising disposable income, authenticity, availability, assistance, the expansion of high-speed internet, and well-developed IT infrastructures. These factors are expected to contribute to the global market's growth during the forecast period.
In contrast, Asia-Pacific is expected to exhibit the highest compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in the global market over the forecast period. Factors driving this growth include the expansion of high-speed internet access in both rural and urban areas, the presence of a large patient population, increasing disease awareness among people, greater adoption of e-commerce sites, growing GDP, and robust economic growth in countries like China and India. These factors are anticipated to drive rapid growth in the coming years.
ePharmacy Market Players
Some of the top ePharmacy companies offered in our report includes Banner Health, CVS Health Corporation, DocMorris, Express Scripts Holding Company, Giant Eagle, Inc., OptumRx, Inc., Rowlands Pharmacy, The Kroger Co., Walgreen Co., and Walmart Stores, Inc.
CHAPTER 1. Industry Overview of ePharmacy Market
1.1. Definition and Scope
1.1.1. Definition of ePharmacy
1.1.2. Market Segmentation
1.1.3. Years Considered for the Study
1.1.4. Assumptions and Acronyms Used
1.1.4.1. Market Assumptions and Market Forecast
1.1.4.2. Acronyms Used in Global EPharmacy Market
1.2. Summary
1.2.1. Executive Summary
1.2.2. ePharmacy Market By Drug Type
1.2.3. ePharmacy Market By Product Type
1.2.4. ePharmacy Market By Operating Platform
1.2.5. ePharmacy Market By Business Model
1.2.6. ePharmacy Market By Region
CHAPTER 2. Research Approach
2.1. Methodology
2.1.1. Research Programs
2.1.2. Market Size Estimation
2.1.3. Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2.2. Data Source
2.2.1. Secondary Sources
2.2.2. Primary Sources
CHAPTER 3. Market Dynamics And Competition Analysis
3.1. Market Drivers
3.1.1. Driver 1
3.1.2. Driver 2
3.2. Restraints and Challenges
3.2.1. Restraint 1
3.2.2. Restraint 2
3.3. Growth Opportunities
3.3.1. Opportunity 1
3.3.2. Opportunity 2
3.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
3.4.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
3.4.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
3.4.3. Threat of Substitute
3.4.4. Threat of New Entrants
3.4.5. Degree of Competition
3.5. Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of ePharmacy Market
3.5.1. Go To Market Strategy
3.5.1.1. Introduction
3.5.1.2. Growth
3.5.1.3. Maturity
3.5.1.4. Saturation
3.5.1.5. Possible Development
3.6. Technological Roadmap for EPharmacy Market
3.7. Value Chain Analysis
3.7.1. List of Key Manufacturers
3.7.2. List of Customers
3.7.3. Level of Integration
3.8. Cost Structure Analysis
3.8.1. Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
3.8.2. Raw Material Suppliers
3.8.3. Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
3.8.3.1. Raw Material
3.8.3.2. Labor Cost
3.8.3.3. Manufacturing Expense
3.9. Regulatory Compliance
3.10. Competitive Landscape, 2022
3.10.1. Player Positioning Analysis
3.10.2. Key Strategies Adopted By Leading Players
CHAPTER 4. Manufacturing Plant Analysis
4.1. Manufacturing Plant Location and Establish Date of Major Manufacturers in 2022
4.2. R&D Status of Major Manufacturers in 2022
CHAPTER 5. ePharmacy Market By Drug Type
5.1. Introduction
5.2. ePharmacy Market Revenue By Drug Type
5.2.1. ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast, By Drug Type, 2020-2032
5.2.2. Prescription Drugs
5.2.2.1. Prescription Drugs Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
5.2.3. Over-the-Counter (OCT) Drugs
5.2.3.1. Over the Counter (OCT) Drugs Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
5.2.4. Others
5.2.4.1. Others Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
CHAPTER 6. ePharmacy Market By Product Type
6.1. Introduction
6.2. EPharmacy Market Revenue By Product Type
6.2.1. EPharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast, By Product Type, 2020-2032
6.2.2. Dental
6.2.2.1. Dental Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.3. Skin Care
6.2.3.1. Skin Care Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.4. Vitamins
6.2.4.1. Vitamins Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.5. Cold and Flu
6.2.5.1. Cold and Flu Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.6. Weight Loss
6.2.6.1. Weight Loss Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.7. Other
6.2.7.1. Other Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
CHAPTER 7. ePharmacy Market By Operating Platform
7.1. Introduction
7.2. EPharmacy Market Revenue By Operating Platform
7.2.1. EPharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast, By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
7.2.2. App
7.2.2.1. App Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.3. Website
7.2.3.1. Website Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.4. Others
7.2.4.1. Others Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
CHAPTER 8. ePharmacy Market By Business Model
8.1. Introduction
8.2. EPharmacy Market Revenue By Business Model
8.2.1. EPharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast, By Business Model, 2020-2032
8.2.2. Hospital & Clinics
8.2.2.1. Hospital & Clinics Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
8.2.3. Home Care Setting
8.2.3.1. Home Care Setting Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
8.2.4. Others
8.2.4.1. Others Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
CHAPTER 9. North America ePharmacy Market By Country
9.1. North America ePharmacy Market Overview
9.2. U.S.
9.2.1. U.S. ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
9.2.2. U.S. ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
9.2.3. U.S. ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
9.2.4. U.S. ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
9.3. Canada
9.3.1. Canada ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
9.3.2. Canada ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
9.3.3. Canada ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
9.3.4. Canada ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
9.4. North America PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 10. Europe ePharmacy Market By Country
10.1. Europe ePharmacy Market Overview
10.2. U.K.
10.2.1. U.K. ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
10.2.2. U.K. ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
10.2.3. U.K. ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
10.2.4. U.K. ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
10.3. Germany
10.3.1. Germany ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
10.3.2. Germany ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
10.3.3. Germany ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
10.3.4. Germany ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
10.4. France
10.4.1. France ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
10.4.2. France ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
10.4.3. France ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
10.4.4. France ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
10.5. Spain
10.5.1. Spain ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
10.5.2. Spain ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
10.5.3. Spain ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
10.5.4. Spain ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
10.6. Rest of Europe
10.6.1. Rest of Europe ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
10.6.2. Rest of Europe ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
10.6.3. Rest of Europe ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
10.6.4. Rest of Europe ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
10.7. Europe PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 11. Asia Pacific ePharmacy Market By Country
11.1. Asia Pacific ePharmacy Market Overview
11.2. China
11.2.1. China ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
11.2.2. China ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
11.2.3. China ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
11.2.4. China ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
11.3. Japan
11.3.1. Japan ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
11.3.2. Japan ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
11.3.3. Japan ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
11.3.4. Japan ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
11.4. India
11.4.1. India ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
11.4.2. India ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
11.4.3. India ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
11.4.4. India ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
11.5. Australia
11.5.1. Australia ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
11.5.2. Australia ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
11.5.3. Australia ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
11.5.4. Australia ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
11.6. South Korea
11.6.1. South Korea ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
11.6.2. South Korea ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
11.6.3. South Korea ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
11.6.4. South Korea ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
11.7. Rest of Asia-Pacific
11.7.1. Rest of Asia-Pacific ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
11.7.2. Rest of Asia-Pacific ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
11.7.3. Rest of Asia-Pacific ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
11.7.4. Rest of Asia-Pacific ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
11.8. Asia Pacific PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 12. Latin America ePharmacy Market By Country
12.1. Latin America ePharmacy Market Overview
12.2. Brazil
12.2.1. Brazil ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
12.2.2. Brazil ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
12.2.3. Brazil ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
12.2.4. Brazil ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
12.3. Mexico
12.3.1. Mexico ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
12.3.2. Mexico ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
12.3.3. Mexico ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
12.3.4. Mexico ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
12.4. Rest of Latin America
12.4.1. Rest of Latin America ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
12.4.2. Rest of Latin America ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
12.4.3. Rest of Latin America ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
12.4.4. Rest of Latin America ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
12.5. Latin America PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 13. Middle East & Africa ePharmacy Market By Country
13.1. Middle East & Africa EPharmacy Market Overview
13.2. GCC
13.2.1. GCC ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
13.2.2. GCC ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
13.2.3. GCC ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
13.2.4. GCC ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
13.3. South Africa
13.3.1. South Africa ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
13.3.2. South Africa ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
13.3.3. South Africa ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
13.3.4. South Africa ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
13.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa
13.4.1. Rest of Middle East & Africa ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Drug Type, 2020-2032
13.4.2. Rest of Middle East & Africa ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Product Type, 2020-2032
13.4.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Operating Platform, 2020-2032
13.4.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa ePharmacy Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Business Model, 2020-2032
13.5. Middle East & Africa PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 14. Player Analysis Of ePharmacy Market
14.1. ePharmacy Market Company Share Analysis
14.2. Competition Matrix
14.2.1. Competitive Benchmarking of key players by price, presence, market share, and R&D investment
14.2.2. New Product Launches and Product Enhancements
14.2.3. Mergers And Acquisition In Global ePharmacy Market
14.2.4. Partnership, Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances/ Sales Agreements
CHAPTER 15. Company Profile
15.1. CVS Health Corporation
15.1.1. Company Snapshot
15.1.2. Business Overview
15.1.3. Financial Overview
15.1.3.1. Revenue (USD Billion), 2022
15.1.3.2. CVS Health Corporation 2022 ePharmacy Business Regional Distribution
15.1.4. Product /Service and Specification
15.1.5. Recent Developments & Business Strategy
15.2. Giant Eagle, Inc.
15.3. Walmart Stores, Inc.
15.4. The Kroger Co.
15.5. DocMorris
15.6. Optium Rx, Inc.
15.7. Express Script Holding Company
15.8. Walgreen Co.
15.9. Rowlands Pharmacy
15.10. Banner Health
