The global defense emergency medicine market is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 19.4% from 2020 to 2027 and anticipated to reach the market value of around US$ 13,832 Mn by 2027.
Defense emergency medicines are used for care and management for soldiers in the warfare with proper supply of emergency medical aids in urgent situation such as sudden physical injury, respiratory and cardiac disorders, infections, and among others. The diagnostic emergency medicine supplies involve ventilators, diagnostic kits, bandages, dressings, thermometers and personal protective equipment (PPE), and others. The defense emergency medical supply is evolving day by day. There is a drastic shift from a simple transportation system (ambulance service) to a system in which actual medical care occurred beyond transportation. The ultimate goal of defense emergency medical supplies is to provide treatment to the soldiers at warfare with proper alignment for timely removal of the patient and shifting to the next point of definitive care that is most likely to be a casualty at hospitals or another place where physicians are available.
Market drivers
High government involvement
World Health Organization (WHO) has standardized medicines and medical supplies required in emergencies to offer swift, efficient, and effective response to the need for medicine and medical supplies in defense. This has resulted in supply of standard, pre-packed kits that are managed to meet priority health needs in case of emergency. Such factors fuel the growth of defense emergency medicine market. WHO uses standardized medical kits for diagnosis in different emergency situations such as unintentional injuries caused during wars. These medical supplies are used as an initial supply of primary healthcare facilities when compared with normal system where normal provision system has broken down. Additionally, a collaboration of governing bodies will further enhance growth of defense emergency medicine market. In December 2018, The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and Department of Disease (DoD) has signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) regarding medical product development and assessment. This collaboration enhances the supply of advanced medical products in support of American military personnel. This builds upon the work of both agencies to foster and prioritize the efficient development of safe and effective medical products that are intend to save lives of American service members.
Collaborations an acquisition enhances the growth of defense emergency medicine market
Collaboration between the governing bodies offers lucrative opportunities for the growth of defense emergency medicine market in terms of emergency use authorization of the products. The collaboration between FDA and DoD is working closely to expand opportunities regarding availability of medical products, specifically those products intending to treat injuries in battlefield settings. In 2017, emergency use authorization for French freeze dried plasma was approved. Such close collaborations assist the governing bodies to target and address more efficiently immediate product development and supply in most streamlined manner. Further, FDA and DoD is looking forward to additional partnership opportunities under the MoU.
Rigorous product approvals will witness stupendous growth opportunities for defense emergency medicine market
In July 2018, FDA grated Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for DoD emergency use of pathogen-reduced leukocyte depleted freeze dried plasma manufactured by Centre de Transfusion Sanguine des Armées (often referred to as French freeze-dried Plasma) This reflects the importance of both DoD and FDA for efficiently prioritizing and expediting availability of potentially life saving biological products essential for urgent care of military personnel, specifically for those in potential life battlefield settings. In July 2018, FDA approved atropine autoinjector device as a medical countermeasure on chemical nerve agent exposure. This drug device product was developed in partnership with Joint Program Executive Officer for Chemical, Radiological, Biological, and Nuclear Defense. In August 2018, FDA approved first prophylactic drug for malaria in over 18 years, tafenoquine (Arakoda). This drug was developed in partnership with US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command. Additionally, In October 2018, FDA issued draft guidance that supports the development and eventual approval of dried plasma products. Since these types of plasma do not required to be stored frozen and can be reconstituted and administered quickly can be effective for military personnel in remote areas without freezers and other supportive equipments.
Segmental Outlook
Defense emergency medicine market is segmented based on type, application, and end-user. Type segment is divided as diagnostic and monitoring equipment, wound care supplies, patient handling equipment, and among others. Diagnostic and monitoring equipment is further segmented as ECG monitor, blood pressure monitors, pulse oximetry, and others. By wound care the market is sub-segmented as dressings and bandages, sutures and staples, and among others. By patient handling equipment, market is segmented as medical beds, wheelchairs and scooters, patient lifting equipment, and others. Based on application, the market is segmented as cardiac care, respiratory care, trauma, and others. By end-use, the market is segmented into hospitals, ambulatory surgical, research and diagnostic laboratories, and others.
Regional Overview
North America will dominate the defense emergency medicine market globally followed by Asia Pacific. This is due to high government involvement coupled with initiative in the US. Additionally, the department of defense in the US is preparing for next major step in consolidating military hospitals and clinics under one roof that is considered as one of the largest organizational changes within the US military in decades. For the first time in military history of US a single agency name "Defense Health Agency (DHA)" will be responsible for the entire healthcare coupled with 9.5 million beneficiaries. The preliminary driver responsible for such a change is the National Defense Authorization Act of 2017. Congress mandated that a single agency is responsible for the administration and management of all military hospitals and clinics to sustain and improve operational medical force readiness, improve beneficiaries, access to care, improve health outcomes through emergency handling, and eliminate redundancies in medical cost and overhead expense of three separate service run systems.
Asia Pacific is also gaining fast pace in the defense emergency medicine regional market owing to high procurement strategies related to medical equipments. Moreover, government of India is planning to spend US$ 130 Bn on military modernization in next 5 years to achieve self reliance in defense production and emergency medical supplies (EMS) as a key target for the Government of India.
Competitive Landscape
Key companies profiled in this report involve Stryker, Medtronic plc, Asahi Kasei Corporation, Koninklijke Phillips N.V., GE Healthcare, Smith & Nephew, Cardinal Health, Smiths Medical, Becton & Dickinson Company, Johnson & Johnson, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Abbott Laboratories, Bayer Corporation, The 3M Company and among others.
Market Segmentation
Market By Type
Diagnostics and Monitoring Equipment
- ECG Monitor
- Blood Pressure Monitors
- Blood Glucose Monitors
- Blood Gas and Electrolyte Analyzers
- Others
Wound Care Supplies
- Dressings and Bandages
- Sutures and Staples
- Others
Patient Handling Equipment
- Patient Lifting Equipment
- Medical Beds
- Wheelchairs and Scooters
- Others
Others
Market By Application
Cardiac Care
Respiratory Care
Trauma
Others
Market by End-use
Hospitals
Ambulatory Surgical Centers
Research and Diagnostic Laboratories
Others
Market By Geography
North America
Europe
- U.K.
- Germany
- France
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
Asia-Pacific
- China
- Japan
- India
- Australia
- South Korea
- Rest of Asia-Pacific
Latin America
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Rest of Latin America
Middle East & Africa
- GCC
- South Africa
- Rest of Middle East & Africa
CHAPTER 1. Industry Overview of Defense Emergency Medicine
1.1. Definition and Scope
1.1.1. Definition of Defense Emergency Medicine
1.1.2. Market Segmentation
1.1.3. Years Considered for the Study
1.1.4. Assumptions and Acronyms Used
1.1.4.1. Market Assumptions and Market Forecast
1.1.4.2. Acronyms Used in Global Defense Emergency Medicine Market
1.2. Summary
1.2.1. Executive Summary
1.2.2. Defense Emergency Medicine Market By Type
1.2.3. Defense Emergency Medicine Market By Application
1.2.4. Defense Emergency Medicine Market By End-use
1.2.5. Defense Emergency Medicine Market by Regions
CHAPTER 2. Research Approach
2.1. Methodology
2.1.1. Research Programs
2.1.2. Market Size Estimation
2.1.3. Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2.2. Data Source
2.2.1. Secondary Sources
2.2.2. Primary Sources
CHAPTER 3. Market Dynamics And Competition Analysis
3.1. Market Drivers
3.1.1. Driver 1
3.1.2. Driver 2
3.2. Restraints and Challenges
3.2.1. Restrain 1
3.2.2. Restrain 2
3.3. Growth Opportunities
3.3.1. Opportunity 1
3.3.2. Opportunity 2
3.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
3.4.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
3.4.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
3.4.3. Threat of Substitute
3.4.4. Threat of New Entrants
3.4.5. Degree of Competition
3.5. Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Defense Emergency Medicine Market
3.5.1. Go To Market Strategy
3.5.1.1. Introduction
3.5.1.2. Growth
3.5.1.3. Maturity
3.5.1.4. Saturation
3.5.1.5. Possible Development
3.6. Technological Roadmap for Defense Emergency Medicine Market
3.7. Value Chain Analysis
3.7.1. List of Key Manufacturers
3.7.2. List of Customers
3.7.3. Level of Integration
3.8. Cost Structure Analysis
3.8.1. Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
3.8.2. Raw Material Suppliers
3.8.3. Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
3.8.3.1. Raw Material
3.8.3.2. Labor Cost
3.8.3.3. Manufacturing Expense
3.9. Regulatory Compliance
3.10. Competitive Landscape, 2019
3.10.1. Player Positioning Analysis
3.10.2. Key Strategies Adopted By Leading Players
CHAPTER 4. Manufacturing Plant Analysis
4.1. Manufacturing Plant Location and Establish Date of Major Manufacturers in 2019
4.2. R&D Status and Application Source of Defense Emergency Medicine Major Manufacturers in 2019
CHAPTER 5. Defense Emergency Medicine Market By Type
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Defense Emergency Medicine Revenue By Type
5.2.1. Defense Emergency Medicine Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast, By Type, 2016-2027
5.2.2. Diagnostics and Monitoring Equipment
5.2.2.1. Diagnostics and Monitoring Equipment Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.2.2. ECG Monitor
5.2.2.2.1. ECG Monitor Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.2.3. Blood Pressure Monitors
5.2.2.3.1. Blood Pressure Monitors Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.2.4. Blood Glucose Monitors
5.2.2.4.1. Blood Glucose Monitors Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.2.5. Blood Gas and Electrolyte Analyzers
5.2.2.5.1. Blood Gas and Electrolyte Analyzers Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.2.6. Others
5.2.2.6.1. Others Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.3. Wound Care Supplies
5.2.3.1.1. Wound Care Supplies Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.3.2. Dressings and Bandages
5.2.3.2.1. Dressings and Bandages Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.3.3. Sutures and Staples
5.2.3.3.1. Sutures and Staples Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.3.4. Others
5.2.3.4.1. Others Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.4. Patient Handling Equipment
5.2.4.1.1. Patient Handling Equipment Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.4.2. Patient Lifting Equipment
5.2.4.2.1. Patient Lifting Equipment Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.4.3. Medical Beds
5.2.4.3.1. Medical Beds Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.4.4. Wheelchairs and Scooters
5.2.4.4.1. Wheelchairs and Scooters Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
5.2.4.5. Others
5.2.4.5.1. Others Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
CHAPTER 6. Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue By Application
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Defense Emergency Medicine Revenue (US$ Mn) By Application
6.2.1. Defense Emergency Medicine Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
6.2.2. Cardiac Care
6.2.2.1. Cardiac Care Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
6.2.3. Virology Testing
6.2.3.1. Virology Testing Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
6.2.4. Trauma
6.2.4.1. Trauma Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
6.2.5. Others
6.2.5.1. Others Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
CHAPTER 7. Defense Emergency Medicine Market By End-use
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Defense Emergency Medicine Revenue (US$ Mn) By End-use
7.2.1. Defense Emergency Medicine Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
7.2.2. Hospitals
7.2.2.1. Hospitals Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
7.2.3. Ambulatory Surgical Centers
7.2.3.1. Ambulatory Surgical Centers
7.2.4. Research and Diagnostic Laboratories
7.2.4.1. Research and Diagnostic Laboratories Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
7.2.5. Others
7.2.5.1. Others Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Growth Rate (%), 2016-2027
CHAPTER 8. North America Defense Emergency Medicine Market By Country
8.1. North America Defense Emergency Medicine Overview
8.2. U.S.
8.2.1. U.S. Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016-2027
8.2.2. U.S. Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016-2027
8.2.3. U.S. Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016-2027
8.3. Canada
8.3.1. Canada Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016-2027
8.3.2. Canada Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016-2027
8.3.3. Canada Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016-2027
8.4. North America PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 9. Europe Defense Emergency Medicine Market By Country
9.1. Europe Defense Emergency Medicine Market Overview
9.2. U.K.
9.2.1. U.K. Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016-2027
9.2.2. U.K. Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016-2027
9.2.3. U.K. Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016-2027
9.3. Germany
9.3.1. Germany Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016-2027
9.3.2. Germany Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016-2027
9.3.3. Germany Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016-2027
9.4. France
9.4.1. France Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016-2027
9.4.2. France Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016-2027
9.4.3. France Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016-2027
9.5. Spain
9.5.1. Spain Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016-2027
9.5.2. Spain Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016-2027
9.5.3. Spain Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016-2027
9.6. Rest of Europe
9.6.1. Rest of Europe Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016-2027
9.6.2. Rest of Europe Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016-2027
9.6.3. Rest of Europe Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016-2027
9.7. Europe PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 10. Asia Pacific Defense Emergency Medicine Market By Country
10.1. Asia Pacific Defense Emergency Medicine Market Overview
10.2. China
10.2.1. China Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
10.2.2. China Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
10.2.3. China Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
10.3. Japan
10.3.1. Japan Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
10.3.2. Japan Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
10.3.3. Japan Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
10.4. India
10.4.1. India Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
10.4.2. India Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
10.4.3. India Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
10.5. Australia
10.5.1. Australia Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
10.5.2. Australia Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
10.5.3. Australia Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
10.6. South Korea
10.6.1. South Korea Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
10.6.2. South Korea Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
10.6.3. South Korea Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
10.7. Rest of Asia-Pacific
10.7.1. Rest of Asia-Pacific Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
10.7.2. Rest of Asia-Pacific Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
10.7.3. Rest of Asia-Pacific Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
10.8. Asia Pacific PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 11. Latin America Defense Emergency Medicine Market By Country
11.1. Latin America Defense Emergency Medicine Market Overview
11.2. Brazil
11.2.1. Brazil Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
11.2.2. Brazil Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
11.2.3. Brazil Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
11.3. Mexico
11.3.1. Mexico Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
11.3.2. Mexico Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
11.3.3. Mexico Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
11.4. Rest of Latin America
11.4.1. Rest of Latin America Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
11.4.2. Rest of Latin America Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
CHAPTER 12. Middle East & Africa Defense Emergency Medicine Market By Country
12.1. Middle East & Africa Defense Emergency Medicine Market Overview
12.2. Saudi Arabia
12.2.1. Saudi Arabia Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
12.2.2. Saudi Arabia Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
12.2.3. Saudi Arabia Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
12.3. UAE
12.3.1. UAE Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
12.3.2. UAE Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
12.3.3. UAE Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
12.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa
12.4.1. Rest of Middle East & Africa Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Type, 2016 - 2027
12.4.2. Rest of Middle East & Africa Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By Application, 2016 - 2027
12.4.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa Defense Emergency Medicine Market Revenue (US$ Mn) and Forecast By End-use, 2016 - 2027
CHAPTER 13. Player Analysis Of Defense Emergency Medicine
13.1. Defense Emergency Medicine Market Company Share Analysis
13.2. Competition Matrix
13.2.1. Competitive Benchmarking of key players by price, presence, market share, and R&D investment
13.2.2. New Product Launches and Product Enhancements
13.2.3. Mergers And Acquisition In Global Defense Emergency Medicine Market
13.2.4. Partnership, Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances/ Sales Agreements
CHAPTER 14. COMPANY PROFILE
14.1. Stryker
14.1.1. Company Snapshot
14.1.2. Business Overview
14.1.3. Financial Overview
14.1.3.1. Revenue (US$ Mn), 2019
14.1.3.2. Stryker 2019 Defense Emergency Medicine Business Regional Distribution
14.1.4. Product/ Service and Specification
14.1.5. Recent Developments & Business Strategy
14.1.6. Manufacturing Plant Footprint Analysis
14.2. Medtronic plc
14.3. Asahi Kasei Corporation
14.4. Koninklijke Phillips N.V.
14.5. GE Healthcare
14.6. Smith & Nephew
14.7. Cardinal Health
14.8. Smiths Medical
14.9. Becton & Dickinson Company
14.10. Johnson & Johnson
14.11. B. Braun Melsungen AG
14.12. Abbott Laboratories
14.13. Bayer Corporation
14.14. The 3M Company
14.15. Others
![Defense Emergency Medicine Market (By Type: Diagnostics and Monitoring Equipment [ECG Monitor, Blood Pressure Monitors, Blood Glucose Monitors, Blood Gas and Electrolyte Analyzers, Others], Wound Care Supplies [Dressings and Bandages, Sutures and Staples, Other], Patient Handling Equipment [Patient Lifting Equipment, Medical Beds, Wheelchairs and Scooters, Others], Others; By Application: Cardiac Care, Respiratory Care, Trauma, Others; by End-use: Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, Research and Diagnostic Laboratories, Others) - Global Industry Analysis, Market Size, Opportunities and Forecast 2020 - 2027](assets/images/format-png.png "Defense Emergency Medicine Market (By Type: Diagnostics and Monitoring Equipment [ECG Monitor, Blood Pressure Monitors, Blood Glucose Monitors, Blood Gas and Electrolyte Analyzers, Others], Wound Care Supplies [Dressings and Bandages, Sutures and Staples, Other], Patient Handling Equipment [Patient Lifting Equipment, Medical Beds, Wheelchairs and Scooters, Others], Others; By Application: Cardiac Care, Respiratory Care, Trauma, Others; by End-use: Hospitals, Ambulatory Surgical Centers, Research and Diagnostic Laboratories, Others) - Global Industry Analysis, Market Size, Opportunities and Forecast 2020 - 2027")
