The Global Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Size accounted for USD 26.2 Billion in 2022 and is projected to achieve a market size of USD 40.4 Billion by 2032 growing at a CAGR of 4.5% from 2023 to 2032.
Report Key Highlights
- Global concentrated nitric acid market revenue is expected to increase by USD 40.4 Billion by 2032, with a 4.5% CAGR from 2023 to 2032
- North America region led with more than 36% of concentrated nitric acid market share in 2022
- The United States is the world's leading producer of nitric acid, followed by China and Europe
- According to the EPA, over 70% of nitric acid is used to produce ammonium nitrate, which is used in fertilizers.
- According to the IBEF, India's agrochemical sector will increase at a 7.5% annual rate
- According to the United States Geographical Survey, a mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil is utilized in approximately 80% of the explosives used in North America
- Development of new applications in industries such as electronics and energy, drives the concentrated nitric acid market size
Concentrated nitric acid, also known as strong nitric acid, is a highly corrosive and dangerous acid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory processes. It is a colorless or yellowish liquid with a pungent odor and is usually sold at concentrations ranging from 68% to 98%. Nitric acid is a vital raw material in the production of fertilizers, explosives, dyes, and other chemicals. It is also used for etching metals, cleaning, and purifying metals, and as a reagent in analytical chemistry.
The global concentrated nitric acid market is expected to grow significantly in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for nitric acid in various applications. The fertilizer industry is one of the primary consumers of nitric acid, accounting for a significant share of the global market. The growing population and rising food demand are expected to boost the demand for fertilizers, thereby driving the demand for nitric acid. Additionally, the increasing demand for explosives and other chemicals in various industries, such as mining, construction, and automotive, is expected to propel the concentrated nitric acid market value growth further.
Global Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Trends
Market Drivers
- Growing demand for nitric acid in the production of fertilizers and other chemicals
- Increasing population and food demand driving demand for fertilizers
- Rising demand for explosives and other chemicals in various industries such as mining, construction, and automotive
- Growth in the pharmaceutical industry driving demand for nitric acid in drug production
Market Restraints
- Strict regulations and safety concerns
- Availability of substitutes for nitric acid in some applications
Market Opportunities
- Development of new applications in industries such as electronics and energy
- Growing demand for high-quality and pure nitric acid in the pharmaceutical industry
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Report Coverage
Market |
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market |
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Size 2022 |
USD 26.2 Billion |
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Forecast 2032 |
USD 40.4 Billion |
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market CAGR During 2023 - 2032 |
4.5% |
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Analysis Period |
2020 - 2032 |
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Base Year |
2022 |
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Forecast Data |
2023 - 2032 |
Segments Covered |
By Type, By Application, By End-user Industry, And By Geography
|
Regional Scope |
North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa |
Key Companies Profiled |
BASF SE, Dow Chemical Company, DuPont de Nemours, Inc., Eastman Chemical Company, Formosa Plastics Corporation, Hanwha Chemical Corporation, INEOS Group Holdings SA, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited, The Chemours Company, UBE Industries, Ltd., and Yara International ASA.
|
Report Coverage
|
Market Trends, Drivers, Restraints, Competitive Analysis, Player Profiling, Covid-19 Analysis, Regulation Analysis |
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Dynamics
Concentrated nitric acid, which has the chemical formula HNO3, is mainly used in explosives pesticides, the production of nitrogen fertilizers, synthetic rubbers, polyurethane foams, and elastomers. In rocket propellants and dyes, intermediate concentrated nitric acid also acts as an oxidizer. Concentrated nitric acids are majorly applicable and are used in explosive industries and agrochemicals. One of the largest applications of concentrated nitric acid is ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate is mainly found in two forms - solid and liquid - which depend on the solution of concentration of ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate can be used as an intermediate for other fertilizers such as calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer and urea ammonium nitrate or directly as a fertilizer. Strong nitric acid comprises various concentrations ranging from 50%-85%, which almost covers all the application areas of concentrated nitric acid. This is also used in manufacturing a variety of applications such as adipic acid, ammonium nitrate, nitrobenzene, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), nitro chlorobenzene, and trinitrotoluene (TNT). More than 70% of concentrated nitric acid is used in the production of ammonium nitrate. It is also used as an intermediate for explosives and agrochemicals. Strong nitric acid, which is also known as a class-2 oxidizer, can increase the burn rate of material after it comes in contact. This property is used in developing secondary explosives.
Concentrated nitric acid is used in producing toluene diisocyanate (TDI), ammonium nitrate, adipic, nitrobenzene, and nitro chlorobenzene. It is used in secondary explosives, which increase the rate of burning of materials whenever they come in contact with it. Hence, the demand for concentrated nitric acid from various end-use industries such as agrochemicals, explosives, automotive, and electronics is increasing impulsively. According to harmonized classification and labeling approved by European Union, concentrated nitric acid causes severe eye damage and skin burns and may also catch fire when it comes in contact with air. Owing to the health hazards of concentrated nitric acid, higher precautionary measures are required to be taken by people who are in continuous contact with this chemical. The adoption of concentrated nitric acid is increasing, due to the growing usage of nylon 6, 6, elastomers, and synthetic rubbers. These elements are replacing wood, metal, and glass in furniture, automotive, and building & construction industries. Also, in manufacturing, urea ammonium nitrate (UNA) can be used in making explosives. The increasing demand for concentrated nitric acid in explosives, mining, construction, adipic acid, and nitrobenzene applications is expected to boost the concentrated nitric acid market growth in near future.
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Segmentation
The global concentrated nitric acid market segmentation is based on type, application, end-user industry, and geography.
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Type
According to the concentrated nitric acid industry analysis, the strong segment accounted for the largest market share in 2022. This is because strong nitric acid is widely used in various industrial and laboratory processes, and it has a higher concentration compared to fuming nitric acid. Strong nitric acid is commonly sold at concentrations ranging from 68% to 98% while fuming nitric acid is typically sold at concentrations between 90% and 98%. Strong nitric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, dyes, and other chemicals, as well as in metal purification, etching, and cleaning. It is also used as a reagent in analytical chemistry and in the pharmaceutical industry.
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Application
- Ammonium Nitrate
- Nitrobenzene
- Adipic Acid
- Trinitrotoluene
- Toluene Diisocyanate
- Other
In terms of applications, the ammonium nitrate segment leads the concentrated nitric acid market in recent years. Ammonium nitrate is an important fertilizer that is used in agriculture to promote plant growth and increase crop yields. It is also used as an explosive in the mining, construction, and demolition industries. The production of ammonium nitrate involves the reaction of nitric acid with ammonia, and therefore, concentrated nitric acid is a crucial raw material in the production of ammonium nitrate. The demand for ammonium nitrate is expected to grow significantly in the coming years due to the increasing population and the rising demand for food, which is driving the demand for fertilizers. Additionally, the growing demand for explosives and blasting agents in the mining and construction industries is expected to further drive the demand for ammonium nitrate.
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By End-user Industry
- Agrochemical
- Explosives
- Electronics
- Automotive
- Other
According to the concentrated nitric acid market forecast, the agrochemical segment is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years. agrochemical segment is a significant and growing end-use application for concentrated nitric acid in the market. Nitric acid is a key raw material in the production of various nitrogen-based fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate, urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). These fertilizers are used to enhance plant growth and increase crop yields, thereby playing a crucial role in modern agriculture. The demand for agrochemicals, and therefore concentrated nitric acid, is expected to grow in the coming years due to various factors. The rising global population and the subsequent increase in food demand are driving the demand for agrochemicals to improve crop yields and meet the food demand. Moreover, the expansion of arable land, increasing adoption of modern farming techniques, and the need to improve soil fertility are also contributing to the growth of the agrochemical segment.
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Regional Outlook
North America
Europe
- U.K.
- Germany
- France
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
Asia-Pacific
- India
- Japan
- China
- Australia
- South Korea
- Rest of Asia-Pacific
Latin America
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Rest of Latin America
The Middle East & Africa
- South Africa
- GCC Countries
- Rest of the Middle East & Africa (ME&A)
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Regional Analysis
North America is dominating the concentrated nitric acid market due to several factors, including the presence of a well-established chemical manufacturing industry, significant investments in research and development activities, and the growing demand for ammonium nitrate in the agriculture and mining sectors. The United States is a major producer of concentrated nitric acid, with several leading manufacturers operating in the region. These manufacturers have established state-of-the-art production facilities and employ advanced production processes to produce high-quality concentrated nitric acid. Moreover, the region is home to several chemical manufacturers that use concentrated nitric acid as a key raw material in the production of various chemicals, including fertilizers, explosives, and dyes. Additionally, significant investments in research and development activities by the government and private players have also contributed to the market's growth.
Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Player
Some of the top concentrated nitric acid market companies offered in the professional report include BASF SE, Dow Chemical Company, DuPont de Nemours, Inc., Eastman Chemical Company, Formosa Plastics Corporation, Hanwha Chemical Corporation, INEOS Group Holdings SA, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited, The Chemours Company, UBE Industries, Ltd., and Yara International ASA.
CHAPTER 1. Industry Overview of Concentrated Nitric Acid Market
1.1. Definition and Scope
1.1.1. Definition of Concentrated Nitric Acid
1.1.2. Market Segmentation
1.1.3. Years Considered for the Study
1.1.4. Assumptions and Acronyms Used
1.1.4.1. Market Assumptions and Market Forecast
1.1.4.2. Acronyms Used in Global Concentrated Nitric Acid Market
1.2. Summary
1.2.1. Executive Summary
1.2.2. Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Type
1.2.3. Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Application
1.2.4. Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By End-user Industry
1.2.5. Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Region
CHAPTER 2. Research Approach
2.1. Methodology
2.1.1. Research Programs
2.1.2. Market Size Estimation
2.1.3. Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2.2. Data Source
2.2.1. Secondary Source
2.2.2. Primary Source
CHAPTER 3. Market Dynamics And Competition Analysis
3.1. Market Drivers
3.1.1. Driver 1
3.1.2. Driver 2
3.2. Restraints and Challenges
3.2.1. Restraint 1
3.2.2. Restraint 2
3.3. Growth Opportunities
3.3.1. Opportunity 1
3.3.2. Opportunity 2
3.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
3.4.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
3.4.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
3.4.3. Threat of Substitute
3.4.4. Threat of New Entrants
3.4.5. Degree of Competition
3.5. Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Concentrated Nitric Acid Market
3.5.1. Go To Market Strategy
3.5.1.1. Introduction
3.5.1.2. Growth
3.5.1.3. Maturity
3.5.1.4. Saturation
3.5.1.5. Possible Development
3.6. Technological Roadmap for Concentrated Nitric Acid Market
3.7. Value Chain Analysis
3.7.1. List of Key Manufacturers
3.7.2. List of Customers
3.7.3. Level of Integration
3.8. Price Trend of Key Raw Material
3.8.1. Raw Material Suppliers
3.8.2. Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
3.8.2.1. Raw Material
3.8.2.2. Labor Cost
3.8.2.3. Manufacturing Expense
3.9. Regulatory Compliance
3.10. Competitive Landscape, 2022
3.10.1. Player Positioning Analysis
3.10.2. Key Strategies Adopted By Leading Players
CHAPTER 4. Manufacturing Plant Analysis
4.1. Manufacturing Plant Location and Establish Date of Major Manufacturers in 2022
4.2. R&D Status of Major Manufacturers in 2022
CHAPTER 5. Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Type
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue By Type
5.2.1. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast, By Type, 2020-2032
5.2.2. Fuming
5.2.2.1. Fuming Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
5.2.3. Strong
5.2.3.1. Strong Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
CHAPTER 6. Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Application
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue By Application
6.2.1. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast, By Application, 2020-2032
6.2.2. Ammonium Nitrate
6.2.2.1. Ammonium Nitrate Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.3. Nitrobenzene
6.2.3.1. Nitrobenzene Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.4. Adipic Acid
6.2.4.1. Adipic Acid Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.5. Trinitrotoluene
6.2.5.1. Trinitrotoluene Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.6. Toluene Diisocyanate
6.2.6.1. Toluene Diisocyanate Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.7. Other
6.2.7.1. Other Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
CHAPTER 7. Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By End-user Industry
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue By End-user Industry
7.2.1. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast, By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
7.2.2. Agrochemical
7.2.2.1. Agrochemical Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.3. Explosives
7.2.3.1. Explosives Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.4. Electronics
7.2.4.1. Electronics Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.5. Automotive
7.2.5.1. Automotive Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.6. Others
7.2.6.1. Others Market Revenue (USD Billion) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
CHAPTER 8. North America Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Country
8.1. North America Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Overview
8.2. U.S.
8.2.1. U.S. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
8.2.2. U.S. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
8.2.3. U.S. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
8.3. Canada
8.3.1. Canada Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
8.3.2. Canada Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
8.3.3. Canada Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
8.4. North America PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 9. Europe Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Country
9.1. Europe Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Overview
9.2. U.K.
9.2.1. U.K. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
9.2.2. U.K. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
9.2.3. U.K. Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
9.3. Germany
9.3.1. Germany Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
9.3.2. Germany Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
9.3.3. Germany Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
9.4. France
9.4.1. France Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
9.4.2. France Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
9.4.3. France Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
9.5. Spain
9.5.1. Spain Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
9.5.2. Spain Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
9.5.3. Spain Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
9.6. Rest of Europe
9.6.1. Rest of Europe Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
9.6.2. Rest of Europe Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
9.6.3. Rest of Europe Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
9.7. Europe PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 10. Asia Pacific Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Country
10.1. Asia Pacific Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Overview
10.2. China
10.2.1. China Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
10.2.2. China Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.2.3. China Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
10.3. Japan
10.3.1. Japan Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
10.3.2. Japan Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.3.3. Japan Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
10.4. India
10.4.1. India Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
10.4.2. India Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.4.3. India Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
10.5. Australia
10.5.1. Australia Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
10.5.2. Australia Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.5.3. Australia Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
10.6. South Korea
10.6.1. South Korea Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
10.6.2. South Korea Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.6.3. South Korea Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
10.7. Rest of Asia-Pacific
10.7.1. Rest of Asia-Pacific Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
10.7.2. Rest of Asia-Pacific Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.7.3. Rest of Asia-Pacific Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
10.8. Asia Pacific PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 11. Latin America Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Country
11.1. Latin America Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Overview
11.2. Brazil
11.2.1. Brazil Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
11.2.2. Brazil Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
11.2.3. Brazil Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
11.3. Mexico
11.3.1. Mexico Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
11.3.2. Mexico Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
11.3.3. Mexico Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
11.4. Rest of Latin America
11.4.1. Rest of Latin America Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
11.4.2. Rest of Latin America Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
11.4.3. Rest of Latin America Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
11.5. Latin America PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 12. Middle East & Africa Concentrated Nitric Acid Market By Country
12.1. Middle East & Africa Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Overview
12.2. GCC
12.2.1. GCC Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
12.2.2. GCC Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
12.2.3. GCC Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
12.3. South Africa
12.3.1. South Africa Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
12.3.2. South Africa Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
12.3.3. South Africa Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
12.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa
12.4.1. Rest of Middle East & Africa Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Type, 2020-2032
12.4.2. Rest of Middle East & Africa Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
12.4.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa Concentrated Nitric Acid Revenue (USD Billion) and Forecast By End-user Industry, 2020-2032
12.5. Middle East & Africa PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 13. Player Analysis Of Concentrated Nitric Acid Market
13.1. Concentrated Nitric Acid Market Company Share Analysis
13.2. Competition Matrix
13.2.1. Competitive Benchmarking Of Key Players By Price, Presence, Market Share, And R&D Investment
13.2.2. New Product Launches and Product Enhancements
13.2.3. Mergers And Acquisition In Global Concentrated Nitric Acid Market
13.2.4. Partnership, Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances/ Sales Agreements
CHAPTER 14. Company Profile
14.1. BASF SE
14.1.1. Company Snapshot
14.1.2. Business Overview
14.1.3. Financial Overview
14.1.3.1. Revenue (USD Billion), 2022
14.1.3.2. BASF SE 2022 Concentrated Nitric Acid Business Regional Distribution
14.1.4. Product /Service and Specification
14.1.5. Recent Developments & Business Strategy
14.2. Dow Chemical Company
14.3. DuPont de Nemours, Inc.
14.4. Eastman Chemical Company
14.5. Formosa Plastics Corporation
14.6. Hanwha Chemical Corporation
14.7. INEOS Group Holdings SA
14.8. Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
14.9. Sumitomo Chemical Company Limited
14.10. The Chemours Company
14.11. UBE Industries, Ltd.
14.12. Yara International ASA