The Adaptive Optics Technology Market Size accounted for USD 601.3 Million in 2023 and is estimated to achieve a market size of USD 4,634.5 Million by 2032 growing at a CAGR of 25.7% from 2024 to 2032.
Adaptive Optics Technology Market Highlights
- Global adaptive optics technology market revenue is poised to garner USD 4,634.5 Million by 2032 with a CAGR of 25.7% from 2024 to 2032
- North America adaptive optics technology market value occupied around USD 240.5 million in 2023
- Asia Pacific adaptive optics technology market growth will record a CAGR of more than 27% from 2024 to 2032
- Among component, the wavefront sensor sub-segment generated 38% of the market share in 2023
- Based on application, the astronomy sub-segment generated notable market share in 2023
- Advancements in astronomy, biomedical applications and defense applications is a popular adaptive optics technology market trend that fuels the industry demand
Adaptive optics is a technique employed to enhance optical system performance by correcting wavefront distortions caused by deformations in incoming waves. This correction is achieved using deformable mirrors to compensate for these distortions. Primarily utilized in astronomical telescopes and laser systems, adaptive optics minimizes the impact of wavefront distortions. It also finds applications in microscopy, retinal imaging systems, and optical fabrication to eliminate optical aberrations. The primary function of adaptive optics is to enhance image quality in various imaging systems, including those used in additive manufacturing and machine vision. The adaptive optics market is expected to experience substantial growth driven by increased investment in research and development within the optics industry, growing demand for real-time product inspection techniques enabled by adaptive optics, and rising adoption in the biomedical sector.
Global Adaptive Optics Technology Market Dynamics
Market Drivers
- Increasing demand for high-resolution imaging in astronomy and defense applications
- Growth in medical applications such as ophthalmology and microscopy
- Advancements in laser technology driving the need for precise beam control
Market Restraints
- High initial costs and ongoing maintenance expenses
- Challenges in integrating adaptive optics with existing systems
- Limited availability of skilled workforce for implementing and maintaining the technology
Market Opportunities
- Rising adoption of adaptive optics in consumer electronics like cameras and VR devices
- Expansion into new geographic markets with growing research and industrial sectors
- Potential applications in autonomous vehicles and drone technologies
Adaptive Optics Technology Market Report Coverage
Market |
Adaptive Optics Technology Market
|
Adaptive Optics Technology Market Size 2022 |
USD 601.3 Million |
Adaptive Optics Technology Market Forecast 2032 |
USD 4,634.5 Million |
Adaptive Optics Technology Market CAGR During 2023 - 2032 |
25.7% |
Adaptive Optics Technology Market Analysis Period |
2020 - 2032 |
Adaptive Optics Technology Market Base Year
|
2022 |
Adaptive Optics Technology Market Forecast Data |
2023 - 2032 |
Segments Covered |
By Component, By Application, By End User Industry, And By Geography
|
Regional Scope |
North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa |
Key Companies Profiled |
Northrop Grumman Corporation, Holoeye Photonics AG, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Thorlabs, Inc., Synopsys, Inc., CILAS, Adaptica Srl, Boston Micromachines Corporation, 4D Technology Corporation, Aplegen, Imagine Optic SA, Teledyne e2v , Canon Inc., Active Optical Systems LLC, and Imagine Optic SA
|
Report Coverage
|
Market Trends, Drivers, Restraints, Competitive Analysis, Player Profiling, Covid-19 Analysis, Regulation Analysis |
Adaptive Optics Technology Market Insights
Adaptive optics technology is experiencing rapid growth due to its crucial role in medical applications like ophthalmology and microscopy. For instance, the National Institutes of Health and the Air Force have adopted Iris AO DMs for retinal imaging purposes. In ophthalmology, it enables high-resolution imaging of the retina, aiding in early disease detection and precise treatment. For microscopy, adaptive optics enhances imaging by correcting aberrations, allowing researchers to capture clearer and more detailed images of biological structures at the cellular level. This technology's advancements are driving innovation in medical diagnostics and research, promising improved patient outcomes and deeper insights into biological processes.
The adaptive optics market faces significant growth impediments due to its high initial costs and ongoing maintenance expenses. The initial investment required for developing and implementing adaptive optics systems is considerable, often deterring potential adopters, particularly in research and commercial sectors. Furthermore, the ongoing maintenance costs for these complex systems add another layer of financial burden, limiting widespread adoption and market expansion. Addressing these cost barriers is crucial for accelerating the growth and accessibility of adaptive optics technology across various industries, including astronomy, microscopy, and telecommunications.
The increasing adoption of adaptive optics in consumer electronics such as cameras and virtual reality (VR) devices presents a significant growth opportunity for the adaptive optics market. Adaptive optics enhances image quality by correcting distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence or optical imperfections in real time, crucial for high-definition imaging in consumer applications. This technology allows for sharper images and improved resolution, enhancing user experience in photography and immersive VR environments. As consumer demand for high-quality visuals continues to rise, the market for adaptive optics is poised to expand, driven by advancements in efficiency and integration into compact consumer devices.
Adaptive Optics Technology Market Segmentation
The worldwide market for adaptive optics technology is split based on component, application, end user industry, and geography.
Adaptive Optics Market By Component
- Wavefront Sensor
- Wavefront Modulator
- Control System
According to the adaptive optics market, wavefront sensors are critical components in adaptive optics technology, playing a pivotal role in correcting distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence. These sensors detect variations in the phase and amplitude of incoming light, providing real-time measurements of optical aberrations. This capability makes wavefront sensors indispensable in applications ranging from astronomy and microscopy to laser communication and vision correction. Furthermore, manufacturers also focused on innovations in wavefront sensors. For instance, in November 2022, Phasics Corp revealed plans for its adaptive optics products, including the SID4 wavefront sensor, to be integrated into the Zeus 3 Petawatt laser beamline. The company's OASys software will control a 300 mm mechanical deformable mirror, which will be installed within the gas target chamber. The objective of this installation is to enhance and uphold the focal spot quality, thereby achieving the highest possible intensities on the target. As a result, they dominate the adaptive optics market.
Adaptive Optics Market By Application
- Light Detection And Ranging
- Atomic Force Microscope
- 3D Printing Application
- Battlefield Application
- Retinal Imaging Applications
- Astronomy Applications
- Bio Printing Application
The astronomical applications segment is the largest application category in the adaptive optics market and it is expected to increase over the industry. Adaptive optics technology in astronomy is pivotal for overcoming distortions caused by Earth's atmosphere, enabling clearer images of celestial objects. This capability is crucial for ground-based telescopes to achieve resolutions comparable to those in space. The demand for sharper, high-resolution images drives significant growth in adaptive optics applications within the astronomy sector. For instance, in January 2020, the National Science Foundation's newest Inouye Solar Telescope produced its first image using adaptive optics to correct for atmospheric blurring. Overall, continuous advancements in this technology promises to maintain its dominance in forecast year.
Adaptive Optics Market By End User Industry
- Consumer Devices
- Astronomy
- Biomedical Devices
- Military and Defense
- Industrial and Manufacturing
- Communication
- Others
According to the adaptive optics industry forecast, the military and defense sector expected to leads the adaptive optics market due to its critical applications in enhancing imaging and targeting capabilities. Adaptive optics systems correct optical distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence, significantly improving the accuracy of laser weapon systems and surveillance equipment. This technology allows for precise tracking of targets over long distances, essential for modern defense strategies. The sector's substantial investments in research and development drive innovation, expected to dominate adaptive optics market in coming years.
Adaptive Optics Market Regional Outlook
North America
Europe
- U.K.
- Germany
- France
- Spain
- Rest of Europe
Asia-Pacific
- India
- Japan
- China
- Australia
- South Korea
- Rest of Asia-Pacific
Latin America
- Brazil
- Mexico
- Rest of Latin America
The Middle East & Africa
- South Africa
- GCC Countries
- Rest of the Middle East & Africa (ME&A)
Adaptive Optics Market Regional Analysis
For several reasons, North America leads the adaptive optics industry due to its significant investment in research and development, advanced technological infrastructure, and robust healthcare and defense sectors. The region's strong presence of key players and academic institutions specializing in optics and photonics further enhances its dominance. For instance, Thorlab Inc. has announced the acquisition of JML Optical Industries, a company specializing in the custom design and manufacturing of precision optics. Moreover, government initiatives supporting innovation and technological advancements contribute to the growth of adaptive optics applications in astronomy, biomedical imaging, and defense.
Asia-Pacific is fastest growing region in adaptive optics market boosted by rising investments in advanced imaging and laser systems. This rise is being driven by the region's burgeoning healthcare, astronomy, and defense sectors, which are implementing adaptive optics to improve precision and performance. Furthermore, significant government funding and expanding research activities are driving market growth in this field.
Europe has experiencing notable growth in the adaptive optics market. This growth can be attributed to significant investments in research and development across various sectors including astronomy, healthcare, and defense. For instance, Europe initiated the European Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) project to construct the world's largest telescope for astronomical studies. Expected to be completed by 2024, the project will extensively utilize adaptive optics systems to capture images that are 13 times brighter than those possible with current technology. Moreover, European countries have shown a strong commitment to advancing optical technology, fostering a competitive landscape for adaptive optics solutions. Moreover, collaborations between research institutions and industry players have accelerated innovation, driving the market's rapid expansion in the region.
Adaptive Optics Technology Market Players
Some of the top adaptive optics technology companies offered in our report include Northrop Grumman Corporation, Holoeye Photonics AG, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Thorlabs, Inc., Synopsys, Inc., CILAS, Adaptica Srl, Boston Micromachines Corporation, 4D Technology Corporation, Aplegen, Imagine Optic SA, Teledyne e2v , Canon Inc., Active Optical Systems LLC, and Imagine Optic SA.
CHAPTER 1. Industry Overview of Adaptive Optics Technology Market
1.1. Definition and Scope
1.1.1. Definition of Adaptive Optics Technology
1.1.2. Market Segmentation
1.1.3. Years Considered for the Study
1.1.4. Assumptions and Acronyms Used
1.1.4.1. Market Assumptions and Market Forecast
1.1.4.2. Acronyms Used in Global Adaptive Optics Technology Market
1.2. Summary
1.2.1. Executive Summary
1.2.2. Adaptive Optics Technology Market By Component
1.2.3. Adaptive Optics Technology Market By Application
1.2.4. Adaptive Optics Technology Market By End-User Industry
1.2.5. Adaptive Optics Technology Market By Region
CHAPTER 2. Research Approach
2.1. Methodology
2.1.1. Research Programs
2.1.2. Market Size Estimation
2.1.3. Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
2.2. Data Source
2.2.1. Secondary Sources
2.2.2. Primary Sources
CHAPTER 3. Market Dynamics And Competition Analysis
3.1. Market Drivers
3.1.1. Driver 1
3.1.2. Driver 2
3.1.3. Driver 3
3.2. Restraints and Challenges
3.2.1. Restraint 1
3.2.2. Restraint 2
3.2.3. Restraint 3
3.3. Growth Opportunities
3.3.1. Opportunity 1
3.3.2. Opportunity 2
3.3.3. Opportunity 3
3.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
3.4.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
3.4.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
3.4.3. Threat of Substitute
3.4.4. Threat of New Entrants
3.4.5. Degree of Competition
3.5. Market Concentration Ratio and Market Maturity Analysis of Adaptive Optics Technology Market
3.5.1. Go To Market Strategy
3.5.1.1. Introduction
3.5.1.2. Growth
3.5.1.3. Maturity
3.5.1.4. Saturation
3.5.1.5. Possible Development
3.6. Technological Roadmap for Adaptive Optics Technology Market
3.7. Value Chain Analysis
3.7.1. List of Key Manufacturers
3.7.2. List of Customers
3.7.3. Level of Integration
3.8. Regulatory Compliance
3.9. Competitive Landscape, 2023
3.9.1. Player Positioning Analysis
3.9.2. Key Strategies Adopted By Leading Players
CHAPTER 4. Manufacturing Plant Analysis
4.1. Manufacturing Plant Location and Establish Date of Major Manufacturers in 2023
4.2. R&D Status of Major Manufacturers in 2023
CHAPTER 5. Adaptive Optics Technology Market By Component
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue By Component
5.2.1. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast, By Component, 2020-2032
5.2.2. Wavefront Sensor
5.2.2.1. Wavefront Sensor Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
5.2.3. Wavefront Modulator
5.2.3.1. Wavefront Modulator Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
5.2.4. Control System
5.2.4.1. Control System Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
CHAPTER 6. Adaptive Optics Technology Market By Application
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue By Application
6.2.1. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast, By Application, 2020-2032
6.2.2. Light Detection and Ranging
6.2.2.1. Light Detection and Ranging Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.3. Atomic Force Microscope
6.2.3.1. Atomic Force Microscope Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.4. 3D printing Application
6.2.4.1. 3D printing Application Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.5. Battlefield Application
6.2.5.1. Battlefield Application Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.6. Retinal Imaging Applications
6.2.6.1. Retinal Imaging Applications Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.7. Astronomy Applications
6.2.7.1. Astronomy Applications Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
6.2.8. Bio Printing Application
6.2.8.1. Bio Printing Application Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
CHAPTER 7. Adaptive Optics Technology Market By End User Industry
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue By End User Industry
7.2.1. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast, By End User Industry, 2020-2032
7.2.2. Consumer Devices
7.2.2.1. Consumer Devices Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.3. Astronomy
7.2.3.1. Astronomy Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.4. Biomedical Devices
7.2.4.1. Biomedical Devices Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.5. Military and Defense
7.2.5.1. Military and Defense Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.6. Industrial and Manufacturing
7.2.6.1. Industrial and Manufacturing Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.7. Communication
7.2.7.1. Communication Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
7.2.8. Others
7.2.8.1. Others Market Revenue (USD Million) and Growth Rate (%), 2020-2032
CHAPTER 8. North America Adaptive Optics Technology Market By Country
8.1. North America Adaptive Optics Technology Market Overview
8.2. U.S.
8.2.1. U.S. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
8.2.2. U.S. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
8.2.3. U.S. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
8.3. Canada
8.3.1. Canada Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
8.3.2. Canada Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
8.3.3. Canada Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
8.4. North America PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 9. Europe Adaptive Optics Technology Market By Country
9.1. Europe Adaptive Optics Technology Market Overview
9.2. U.K.
9.2.1. U.K. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
9.2.2. U.K. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
9.2.3. U.K. Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
9.3. Germany
9.3.1. Germany Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
9.3.2. Germany Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
9.3.3. Germany Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
9.4. France
9.4.1. France Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
9.4.2. France Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
9.4.3. France Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
9.5. Spain
9.5.1. Spain Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
9.5.2. Spain Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
9.5.3. Spain Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
9.6. Rest of Europe
9.6.1. Rest of Europe Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
9.6.2. Rest of Europe Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
9.6.3. Rest of Europe Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
9.7. Europe PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 10. Asia Pacific Adaptive Optics Technology Market By Country
10.1. Asia Pacific Adaptive Optics Technology Market Overview
10.2. China
10.2.1. China Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
10.2.2. China Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.2.3. China Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
10.3. Japan
10.3.1. Japan Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
10.3.2. Japan Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.3.3. Japan Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
10.4. India
10.4.1. India Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
10.4.2. India Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.4.3. India Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
10.5. Australia
10.5.1. Australia Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
10.5.2. Australia Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.5.3. Australia Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
10.6. South Korea
10.6.1. South Korea Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
10.6.2. South Korea Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.6.3. South Korea Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
10.7. Rest of Asia-Pacific
10.7.1. Rest of Asia-Pacific Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
10.7.2. Rest of Asia-Pacific Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
10.7.3. Rest of Asia-Pacific Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
10.8. Asia Pacific PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 11. Latin America Adaptive Optics Technology Market By Country
11.1. Latin America Adaptive Optics Technology Market Overview
11.2. Brazil
11.2.1. Brazil Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
11.2.2. Brazil Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
11.2.3. Brazil Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
11.3. Mexico
11.3.1. Mexico Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
11.3.2. Mexico Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
11.3.3. Mexico Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
11.4. Rest of Latin America
11.4.1. Rest of Latin America Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
11.4.2. Rest of Latin America Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
11.4.3. Rest of Latin America Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
11.5. Latin America PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 12. Middle East & Africa Adaptive Optics Technology Market By Country
12.1. Middle East & Africa Adaptive Optics Technology Market Overview
12.2. GCC
12.2.1. GCC Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
12.2.2. GCC Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
12.2.3. GCC Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
12.3. South Africa
12.3.1. South Africa Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
12.3.2. South Africa Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
12.3.3. South Africa Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
12.4. Rest of Middle East & Africa
12.4.1. Rest of Middle East & Africa Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Component, 2020-2032
12.4.2. Rest of Middle East & Africa Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By Application, 2020-2032
12.4.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa Adaptive Optics Technology Revenue (USD Million) and Forecast By End User Industry, 2020-2032
12.5. Middle East & Africa PEST Analysis
CHAPTER 13. Player Analysis Of Adaptive Optics Technology Market
13.1. Adaptive Optics Technology Market Company Share Analysis
13.2. Competition Matrix
13.2.1. Competitive Benchmarking of key players by price, presence, market share, and R&D investment
13.2.2. New Component Launches and Component Enhancements
13.2.3. Mergers And Acquisition In Global Adaptive Optics Technology Market
13.2.4. Partnership, Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances/ Sales Agreements
CHAPTER 14. Company Profile
14.1. Northrop Grumman Corporation
14.1.1. Company Snapshot
14.1.2. Business Overview
14.1.3. Financial Overview
14.1.3.1. Revenue (USD Million), 2023
14.1.3.2. Northrop Grumman Corporation Ingredients Ltd. 2023 Adaptive Optics Technology Business Regional Distribution
14.1.4. Component /Service and Specification
14.1.5. Recent Developments & Business Strategy
14.2. Holoeye Photonics AG
14.3. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
14.4. Thorlabs, Inc.
14.5. Synopsys, Inc.
14.6. CILAS
14.7. Adaptica Srl
14.8. Boston Micromachines Corporation
14.9. 4D Technology Corporation
14.10. Aplegen Inc
14.11. Imagine Optic SA
14.12. Teledyne e2v
14.13. Canon Inc.
14.14. Active Optical Systems LLC
14.15. Imagine Optic SA